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Characteristic (Functional) Groups

R-3.2.1 Prefixes and suffixes

R-3.2.1.1 The presence of a characteristic group can be denoted by a prefix or suffix attached to the parent name (with elision of terminal "e", if present). Such prefixes and suffixes are illustrated in Table 5. Additional details for the use of functional prefixes and suffixes are found in Section R-4 (Name Construction).

R-3.2.1.2 Affixes used to denote ionic or radical centres in a parent structure, classified according to the type of formal operation by which the ion or radical may be considered to be derived (see R-5.8), are given in Table 6. Suffixes are added to the name of a parent hydride in the customary manner or serve as endings to names of characteristic groups. When needed, ionic centres are expressed as prefixes that terminate with endings given in the column labelled "Substituent prefix ending", for example, ethan-1-ylium-1-yl, pyridinio, sulfonato, and propan-2-id-2-yl; for radical centres, the prefix "ylo-" is added in front of the name of the substituent prefix, for example, 2-yloethyl. In replacement nomenclature, the replacement prefixes are modified to end as shown in the column labelled "Replacement prefix endings", for example, azonia and boranylia.

Two or more such operations are indicated by an appropriate multiplying affix, for example, "-diide", and "-tris(ylium)". Additional details for the use of ionic prefixes and suffixes are given in Section R-5.8 and in a separate publication.

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R-3.2.2 Functional modifiers
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This HTML reproduction is as close as possible to the published version [see IUPAC, Commission on Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry. A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds (Recommendations 1993), 1993, Blackwell Scientific publications, Copyright 1993 IUPAC]. If you need to cite these rules please quote this reference as their source.

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