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Free Radicals, Ions, and Radical Ions

Free Radicals Rule C-81

81.1 - Free radicals are named as described for the corresponding radicals (groups) when contained in a molecular structure, according to the rules of Sections A, B, and C. Radicals X2C:, where X is an atom or group not containing carbon, but including cyanide, cyanate, isocyanide, isocyanate, and their sulfur, selenium, and tellurium analogues, have the generic name "carbenes". When the name of a radical ends in "y", this letter is changed to "yl".

Examples to Rule C-81.1

Methyl
Trifluoromethyl
Hydroxymethyl
1-Hydroxyethyl
1-Cyano-1-methylethyl
2-Methylbenzyl
a,a-Dichlorobenzyl
Triphenylmethyl
or Trityl
Ethylene
1,3-Propanediyl
(or trimethylene)
Methylene or Carbene
Dichloromethylene
or Dichlorocarbene
Acetyl
Acetoxyl
Acetyldioxyl
Methoxyl
tert-Butyldioxyl
Methanesulfonyl
Methylsulfanyl
or Methanesulfenyl
or Methylthio

4,4'-Oxybis(a,a-diphenylbenzyl)

81.2 - Free radicals formed by loss of a hydrogen atom from bases whose names end in "-amine" are named by changing that ending to "-aminyl"; for triplet diradicals the ending is "-aminylene". Free radicals formed from bases with endings other than "-amine" are named in accordance with Rule B-5.

Examples to Rule C-81.2

Difluoroaminyl
Dimethylaminyl
Phenylaminyl

Bis(p-Methoxyphenyl)-aminyl oxide
Pyrrol-1-yl
1-Piperidyl
Methylaminylene
Phenylaminylene
Exception:
Hydrazyl(and its substitution products)

See Recommendations'93 R-5.8.1

Next:
Cations
Rule C-82
Rule C-83
Anions
Rule C-84
Two or More Kinds of Ionic Centre with the Same Kind of Charge in a Single Structure
Rule C-85
Rule C-86
Positive and Negative Ionic Centres in a Single Structure
Rule C-87
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This HTML reproduction of Sections A, B and C of IUPAC "Blue Book" is as close as possible to the published version [see Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, Sections A, B, C, D, E, F, and H, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979. Copyright 1979 IUPAC.] If you need to cite these rules please quote this reference as their source.

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